1. Mechanical performance advantages: uniform strength and flexible structure
Cross-section uniformity and controllable strength
The steel plate achieves uniform performance in the thickness direction through the rolling process (thickness tolerance ≤±0.05mm), and the tensile strength (σb) can reach 235-1600MPa depending on the material (such as Q235 steel plate σb≥375MPa, high-strength steel Q690σb≥770MPa).
Example: Q355 steel plate for bridges has a thickness of 6-100mm, can withstand loads of more than 2000kN/m², and the impact toughness (Akv≥34J) meets the requirements of low-temperature environments.
Isotropy and load adaptability
The steel plate has consistent mechanical properties in the plane (the longitudinal and transverse strength difference is ≤5%), which is suitable for multi-directional force scenarios (such as pressure vessel heads), while the profile may have force direction restrictions due to the asymmetric section.
Flexible adjustment of stiffness and stability
The stiffness can be controlled by adjusting the thickness (0.1mm-200mm). Thin steel plates (≤4mm) can be bent to increase stiffness (such as the inner panel of a car door), and thick steel plates (≥50mm) can be directly used as load-bearing substrates (such as the base of nuclear power equipment).
2. Processing and forming advantages: process compatibility and strong customization
Diversity of forming processes
Stamping: Cold-rolled steel plates (SPCC) have an elongation of ≥30% and can be stamped into complex curved surfaces (such as automobile covers, with a minimum bending radius of ≤1.5 times the thickness);
Bending: Hot-rolled steel plates (Q345) can be bent 90°-180° (accuracy ±1°) by CNC bending machines and are used for steel structure nodes;
Welding suitability: Low-carbon steel plates (C≤0.25%) have a low tendency to weld cracks, and the joint strength can reach more than 90% of the parent material (such as ship steel plates using submerged arc welding, weld tensile strength ≥345MPa).
High efficiency of surface treatment
The surface flatness of the steel plate is high (flatness ≤1mm/m), which is suitable for electroplating (such as galvanized layer thickness 8-50μm), spraying (paint film adhesion ≥5N/mm), hot-dip galvanizing and other processes. For example, the galvanized steel plate (GI plate) for home appliances has a salt spray test of ≥1000 hours without rust.
Precise cutting and splicing
Complex shapes can be processed by laser cutting (accuracy ±0.1mm) and water jet cutting (thickness ≤100mm). Bevel welding (fusion rate ≥95%) is used for splicing, which is suitable for customization of non-standard components (such as shield machine cutter head panel).
III. Material and cost advantages: economical, efficient and green
Production efficiency and yield rate
The steel plate rolling adopts continuous rolling process (speed up to 10m/s), the yield rate is ≥92% (5%-8% higher than the profile), and large-scale production reduces costs (such as Q235 hot-rolled steel plate ton price is 10%-15% lower than H-shaped steel).
Lightweight and weight reduction potential
High-strength steel plates (such as QP980) have a yield strength of ≥980MPa, and the thickness can be reduced by 30% under the same load. For example, 510L steel plates are used for the bottom plate of the battery pack of new energy vehicles, which is 15kg/car lighter than ordinary steel.
High recycling value
Steel plates can be directly remelted when recycled (impurity removal rate ≥99%), the mechanical property loss of recycled steel plates is ≤3%, and the recycling energy consumption is only 25% of that of original steel (such as the recycling rate of scrapped automobile steel plates is 95%).
4. Application scenario adaptability: full coverage of multiple fields
Construction engineering: load-bearing and enclosure core
Steel structure: thick steel plates (16-100mm) are used for high-rise building steel columns (such as Q460GJC steel plates with a thickness of 80mm used in Beijing China Zun Building);
Enclosure system: color-coated steel plates (PE coating) are used for roofs and walls, with a weather resistance of more than 15 years (such as 0.5mm color steel plates used in industrial plants).
Automobile manufacturing: lightweight and safety
Body stamping parts: cold-rolled steel plates (DC04) with an elongation of ≥38%, used for doors and hoods (stamping qualification rate ≥98%);
Safety components: hot-formed steel plates (22MnB5) with a hardness of HRC45-50 after quenching, used for anti-collision beams (collision resistance ≥150kN).
Energy and containers: pressure resistance and corrosion resistance
Pressure vessels: 16MnR steel plate (R means container) with high temperature strength ≥295MPa, used for steam boilers (working pressure ≤10MPa);
Marine engineering: corrosion-resistant steel plate (such as NACE MR0175 standard steel plate) resistant to Cl⁻ corrosion, used for offshore platforms (service life ≥25 years).
Electronics and special fields
Silicon steel sheet (electrical steel plate): iron loss ≤0.5W/kg (50Hz, 1.5T), used for transformer core (energy efficiency increased by 15%);
Armor steel plate: 45CrNiMoVA steel plate with hardness HRC58-62, can resist 7.62mm rifle bullets (protection level ≥NIJ III level).