1. Mechanical performance advantages: efficient and stable structure
Optimized cross-section design, strong bearing capacity
The profile concentrates the material at the stress-bearing part through special sections (such as H-shaped steel, I-beam, angle steel), and achieves higher bending and torsional strength with less material.
Example: The flange of H-shaped steel is wide and the web is thin. The section modulus (W) is more than 30% higher than that of steel plates of the same weight, which is suitable for large-span building beams.
Outstanding stiffness and stability
Closed or symmetrical sections (such as square tubes and round tubes) can effectively resist buckling (bending deformation when slender members are compressed) and reduce structural redundant design.
Example: Steel pipes used for building scaffolding save 40% of materials compared with round steel and have stronger wind load resistance.
Controllable anisotropy
The mechanical properties of rolled profiles are uniform along the length direction (longitudinal strength ≥ transverse 15%), which is convenient for structural force analysis and reduces design complexity.
2. Processing and construction advantages: efficient and convenient
Standardized production, high installation efficiency
The profiles are mass-produced according to national standards (such as GB/T 706-2016) or European standards (EN 10025), with high dimensional accuracy (such as angle steel side length deviation ±0.8mm), and can be directly welded and bolted to reduce on-site processing.
Example: H-shaped steel beams for steel structure workshops can be prefabricated and spliced, and the construction period is shortened by 50% compared with concrete structures.
Good cutting and forming performance
Low-carbon steel profiles (such as Q235) are easy to cut and process, and stainless steel profiles (304) can be formed by bending (minimum bending radius ≤ 2 times thickness), which is suitable for the manufacture of complex components.
Example: After extrusion molding, aluminum alloy profiles can be directly processed into door and window frames without secondary shaping.
Strong welding and connection compatibility
The profile surface is flat (such as the flatness of the channel steel web ≤1mm/m), the fusion is uniform during welding, the joint strength can reach more than 85% of the parent material, and the bolt hole positioning accuracy is high (hole spacing deviation ±0.5mm).
3. Material and cost advantages: economical and durable
High material utilization rate, reducing costs
During profile rolling, the hole design is used to reduce waste (the yield rate is ≥90%), saving 15%-30% of materials compared with steel plate cutting and forming.
Example: Using C-shaped steel to make purlins is 20% lower than the bending cost of steel plates, and the weight is reduced by 10%.
Wide adaptability of surface treatment
Corrosion resistance can be improved through processes such as galvanizing (zinc layer thickness 85μm), painting, and anodizing, and it is suitable for humid, acidic and alkaline environments.
Example: The outdoor service life of hot-dip galvanized angle steel exceeds 20 years, and the maintenance cost is 50% lower than that of ordinary steel.
High recycling value, green and environmentally friendly
Steel profiles can be 100% recycled and reused, and the loss of mechanical properties after recycling is ≤5%, which meets the needs of the circular economy (such as the recycling rate of scrapped steel structures reaches 95%).
IV. Application scenario adaptability: multi-function and customization
Construction engineering: both load-bearing and enclosure
Load-bearing structure: H-shaped steel and I-shaped steel are used for frame beams and columns, and channel steel and angle steel are used for support systems;
Enclosure structure: aluminum alloy profiles are used to make doors and windows (thermal conductivity 2.3W/m・K, thermal insulation is better than steel), and stainless steel profiles are used for curtain wall keels (resistant to salt spray corrosion).
Machinery manufacturing: precise transmission and support
Gear steel profiles (20CrMnTi) have a tooth surface hardness of HRC58-62 after carburizing and quenching, which is suitable for automobile gearboxes;
Guide rail profiles (such as T-shaped steel) have a straightness of ≤0.1mm/m, which is used for machine tool workbench guidance.
Aerospace: Lightweight and high strength
Titanium alloy profiles (TC4) have a strength of 895MPa and a density of only 4.5g/cm³, and are used in aircraft landing gears;
Aluminum alloy profiles (6061-T6) are extruded into complex cross-sections and are used in wing frames (weight reduction of 15%-20%).
Energy and transportation: Weathering and vibration resistance
Weathering steel profiles (Q355NH) are added with Cu and P elements to form a dense rust layer in the atmosphere, and are used in railway bridges;
Aluminum alloy profiles for rail transit (7075-T6) have a fatigue strength of ≥240MPa and are suitable for high-speed train bodies.